A single torpedo can cripple without sinking a capital ship

Did a single torpedo doom Prince of Wales and Bismarck?

It critically damaged or immobilized them, but later attacks were still required to sink the ships.

A single torpedo did not directly sink either Prince of Wales or Bismarck. One hit damaged Prince of Wales, but the later air attack completed the sinking. The hit on Bismarck forced her to circle and made interception possible, while subsequent forces destroyed the ship. One torpedo can therefore create a decisive mission kill or tactical vulnerability without itself delivering the final loss.