Why did Scharnhorst and Gneisenau become comparatively efficient ships when many other German designs were bloated?
Short answerTheir rushed construction left less time for officials to interfere with the designers' work.
NotesA rushed decision accidentally protected the design from Germany's fragmented procurement system. Competent designers could complete a more coherent ship when rival offices had less opportunity to add preferred features. The result was still strategically questionable, but internally it was more efficient than many contemporary German projects. A sounder design process did not necessarily make the ships the right fleet investment.