Q&A ยท 42:20-46:23

A fully funded Royal Navy without nuclear weapons

A Cold War counterfactual separates the effects of nuclear deterrence from the political consequences of unlimited defence funding.

Question

What would the late-Cold-War Royal Navy look like if nuclear weapons did not exist and finance was no constraint?

Short answer

It would likely remain a very large conventional fleet with carriers but no SSBN cornerstone, because political pressure for cuts would largely disappear.

Notes

With finance removed as a constraint, the panel expects Britain to retain a large conventional navy and carriers while omitting SSBNs from the force's core. Shipbuilding could continue as both military policy and employment policy because ministers would no longer face the political cost of choosing which programs to cut. The wider argument is that nuclear weapons often enabled conventional savings, whereas an unlimited budget would sustain larger naval, air, and land forces. Those conventional forces might also provide enough deterrence to change the assumption that a nuclear-free Cold War must inevitably become a hot war.