Q&A ยท 21:45-24:17

Royal Navy plans for defeating monitors

British options against a monitor ranged from boarding and swamping in open water to bombardment by mortar vessels in confined waters.

Question

How did the Royal Navy plan to counter American monitors in shallow coastal waters?

Short answer

It had multiple options: boarding, ramming or swamping in open water, and bombardment by smaller craft or mortar vessels in confined waters.

Notes

Shallow American waters posed a different problem from a monitor caught in deep water. With enough sea room, British plans included ramming, swamping the low-freeboard vessel, or sending boarding parties. The Union anticipated the boarding threat and considered rifle screens and other protective measures around monitor turrets. British and French ironclads could struggle with draft in harbours, much as CSS Virginia had at Hampton Roads, so gunboats and corvettes might have to engage the monitor and its escorts. A monitor fixed in a known position could instead face bomb vessels or mortar ships. The answer presents a combined force with several tactical branches rather than a one-on-one duel.