How would a Roman canal across Suez affect Mediterranean warfare and the longevity of the empire?
Short answerIt would enrich and elevate Egypt while creating a new maritime trade route and a likely strategic conflict with Persia.
NotesA Roman ship canal through Suez would open a maritime route toward India that bypassed Persian control of overland commerce. Egypt and Alexandria would become still more important as a grain supplier, commercial hub, and guardian of the passage. Control of the canal could become more important than control of Constantinople and shift the eastern capital toward Alexandria. Its economic effect would also reach states and trade systems that depended on overland routes. These are consequences of the proposed canal scenario, with no firm prediction that it would preserve the empire indefinitely.