Rodney versus Yamato

How would HMS Rodney fare in a battle with Yamato?

Yamato would probably win, but Rodney could make the victory so costly that the Japanese battleship became a constructive loss.

The comparison is a judgment rather than a simulated certainty. Yamato is expected to win because of her scale and combat power. Rodney would still inflict enough damage to make the result extremely costly. Yamato might survive tactically while becoming a constructive loss that could no longer contribute effectively to the wider war.