Can a risk fleet idea deter with modern forces?

Can the risk-fleet concept apply to air forces, armies, or missiles as well as warships?

Yes. The core idea is to impose such a high cost on an attacker that victory still leaves it dangerously weakened; in this reading, China is pursuing that logic across multiple services.

The risk-fleet idea can be understood as a wider deterrence calculation: a state tries to make the cost of attacking it unacceptably high even for an eventual victor. In this reading, China is building that kind of risk across its armed forces rather than relying only on a battle fleet. The argument extends Tirpitz's naval concept to aircraft, armies, and missiles that can contribute to the same cumulative danger. Deterrence can rest on the prospect of costly conflict rather than matching an opponent ship for ship.