Would 11-inch shells penetrate HMS Renown's armour?
Short answerAt sufficiently close range, yes.
NotesThe answer is yes, provided the range was close enough. That qualification ties armour penetration to the geometry and conditions of an engagement rather than treating every hit as identical. Renown's advantage in 15-inch gun power did not make her armour immune to German return fire. Even a tactically favourable interception would expose the British battlecruiser to serious danger.