How to avoid hindsight in naval history

How can historians reduce hindsight bias?

Read the evidence forward in time and reconstruct only the knowledge available to people at each moment.

Students are advised to follow archives in chronological order rather than begin with the outcome. Diaries, correspondence and contemporary documents reveal the information available at each decision point. Historical actors should not be granted knowledge that only later observers possess. Reading forward turns uncertainty into part of the explanation instead of treating it as incompetence.