Would it have taken less effort to modernize the R-class battleships or to build better new ships?
Short answerModernization was possible, but new construction better served the urgent goal of enlarging rather than merely replacing the fleet.
NotesVanguard demonstrates that Britain retained the industrial ability to build a new capital ship, and The answer does not treat an R-class reconstruction as technically impossible. The central objection is purpose: during rearmament the Navy wanted to grow the battle fleet, whereas a deep rebuild would consume effort without adding another hull. The exchange connects modernization choices to force-expansion priorities.