When did states stop building city-perimeter fortifications like those around Brest?
Short answerFor France, the answer places the main break after the Second World War, following centuries of repeated investment in fixed defenses.
NotesThe question about Brest's city perimeter leads to France's wider history of fortifying its territory. Successive governments had kept building fixed defenses for hundreds of years. The answer places the main break after the Second World War and treats Brest's works as part of that longer French tradition.