How did Dutch crews compare with British and French crews in this period?
Short answerThey were better trained than the French but less experienced than the British, and Dutch infrastructure limited the size of ships they could operate.
NotesDutch sailors were better prepared and trained than their French counterparts, but behind British crews in recent operational experience. Matching British and French capital ships required major investment in ports and supporting infrastructure that Dutch governments struggled to fund. Individual seamanship could not supply the institutional advantages created by regular operations and sustained capital investment. Capable crews could therefore remain strategically outmatched even when their basic training was sound.