Does Cartagena have haunting parallels with the British attack on New Orleans?
Short answerOnly partly; the first New Orleans attack was closer to a reconnaissance in force, and the planned larger follow-up never occurred because peace intervened.
NotesThe first British attack at New Orleans is interpreted here as an improvised action approaching a reconnaissance in force. A larger follow-on blow is judged capable of breaking the position, but peace intervened before it was delivered. That proposed second phase limits the comparison with Cartagena's repeated commitment against a prepared target. Its expected success remains a counterfactual.