Who was most at fault for the British failure at Plattsburgh: the naval commander or the army commander who pressed the operation?
Short answerBoth bore responsibility; neither provided the quality of naval or strategic judgment the operation required.
NotesThe Plattsburgh failure does not reduce to either naval command or pressure from the army. One commander is judged a weak naval leader and the other a poor strategist. Better performance by either might have changed the result, but the operation depended on both. The answer points to joint command failure instead of one convenient scapegoat.