Chapter · 39:34-41:21

Pascal joins a contest for influence at a Japanese naval review

The ships sent to Japan in 1903 make alliance competition visible and help explain Britain's interest in Japan as an extra strategic factor in East Asia.

Notes

Pascal remained in the reduced French East Asian force after the Boxer fighting ended. At a 1903 review for the Japanese emperor, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia each sent a protected cruiser, while Britain sent both HMS Glory and HMS Blenheim. The gathering can be read as a public contest over which power could appear to be Japan's strongest friend. Britain's heavier representation and the wording of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance show why Japan mattered as an extra factor against possible combinations of rival powers.