Ottoman neutrality and naval support to the Peninsular War

Collingwood used visits and deployments to Morocco, Naples, and the Ottoman Empire to manage Britain's Mediterranean relationships. Sir John Duckworth took ships into the Dardanelles, and Collingwood later negotiated there under a flag of truce with enough force nearby to make British reach clear. This combination helped keep the Ottomans neutral. His ships also supported British forces and Spanish partisans in the Peninsular War, interdicted French seaborne supply, and preserved Allied freedom to move troops and logistics along the coast. That naval presence supported coalition management and gave Wellington maritime mobility in Iberia.