The Ottoman state needed enforceable reform

What reforms would the Ottoman central government need if the empire stayed out of the First World War?

It needed comprehensive, consistently enforced reform rather than selective rules and unimplemented good intentions.

The panel's answer is deliberately broad because Ottoman weakness touched nearly every part of central government. The empire had announced reforms for a century or more without consistently implementing them. Rules were too often enforced against political outsiders while allies and favored groups escaped them. Survival required a state popular and capable enough to apply policy consistently across the people and institutions on which it depended.