Chapter · 15:00-19:43

Operation Frankton's cost and strategic result

Ten men launched, four reached the targets, and two returned. The raid sank or damaged blockade runners and disrupted the facilities supporting them.

Notes

Operation Frankton had thirteen men assigned, but a damaged kayak helped reduce the force that launched from the submarine to ten. Four reached the target area in two kayaks, and only Hasler and Sparks returned home. Two of the ten died from exposure and the conditions at sea; the other six died after capture under Hitler's Commando Order despite serving in uniform. Two merchant ships sank, two more were put out of service for months, and another two probably suffered minor damage. Damage to the ships and disruption of the port facilities interfered with German blockade-running. Those results have to be weighed against the deaths of eight highly trained Marines.