Which navy deteriorated most during the Napoleonic Wars: French, Spanish, or Dutch?
Short answerThe French Navy, chiefly because it lost far more experienced officers and NCOs.
NotesFrance suffered the deepest deterioration because political upheaval removed or killed a far larger share of the experienced officer and petty-officer corps. Those losses stripped the fleet of accumulated professional knowledge as well as individual leaders. Spanish forces remained comparatively organized and professional through the period, while the Dutch did not suffer personnel destruction on the same scale. Naval decline here is an institutional and personnel problem as well as a question of surviving hulls.