How would the powers react if a French officer seized control in 1895 and tried to conquer Europe like Napoleon?
Short answerFrance would probably provoke an Anglo-German coalition, while the war could divert German resources away from a naval challenge to Britain and spread into a wider alliance conflict.
NotesFrance would have to rebuild its army substantially to overcome Germany after the Franco-Prussian War. A renewed attempt at European conquest could therefore bring Britain and Germany together, with German army demands squeezing plans for a fleet aimed at Britain. If the conflict later merged with a Spanish-American war, France might join Spain and draw the United States into the opposing coalition. Japan, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and possibly the Ottoman Empire could join Britain and Germany against France, Russia, and Spain, although these alignments remain speculative. Bismarck had left the chancellorship in 1890, so any role for him in 1895 would require recalling him to diplomacy. The scenario also leaves room for Theodore Roosevelt's rise and Queen Victoria's influence over Wilhelm II to affect how the wider war developed.