Which rising middle-sized navies were most worth watching in 2022?
Short answerIndia stood out for innovation, while Australia, Japan and especially South Korea were important forces to watch when investment and policy supported them.
NotesTruly rising middle-sized navies were relatively scarce in 2022 because most candidates were already established forces. The Indian Navy stood out for its willingness to develop innovative solutions. Australia appeared capable of more innovation if it received sufficient investment, while Japan remained an interesting design case. South Korea also deserved close attention because it could produce strong naval systems when policy sustained its focus.