Q&A ยท 4:03:25-4:04:36

Moving beyond the 'lions led by donkeys' view of World War I

Reassessing World War I generals requires attention to their information and training, including the inadequacy of both.

Question

Has the correction to 'lions led by donkeys' gone too far in defending World War I generals?

Short answer

Not yet. The expected balance recognizes commanders' constraints while accepting that their training and information could be poor.

Notes

The correction to the image of brave troops led by incompetent generals has not, in this assessment, gone too far. Commanders often did the best they could with the information and training available, even when that preparation was badly inadequate. A modest further revision is expected rather than a complete reversal of the reassessment. Nagumo supplies a parallel: challenging his poor reputation includes recognizing that the Japanese naval staff wanted him because it regarded him as qualified and capable.