Counting barrels and bore diameter alone makes Kawachi look like a straightforward all-big-gun battleship. Four of the main guns were 12-inch/50 weapons, while the other eight were 12-inch/45 weapons. The mixed main battery reflected production constraints and complicates the class's place in the dreadnought transition. Apparently uniform armament still needs to be examined by weapon model and industrial source.
Notable Point · 31:34-32:10
Why Kawachi's twelve 12-inch guns were not uniform
The Kawachi class carried twelve 12-inch guns, but mixed four 50-calibre weapons with eight 45-calibre weapons for industrial reasons.