The one-stop-shop compromise in Kashtan CIWS

Which warship system is a particularly complicated 'cognitohazard' to assess?

Kashtan CIWS is a useful but awkward example because one mount must reconcile gun-based point defense with short-range missile defense.

Kashtan combines guns and missiles in a single defensive installation. A navy can find that combined package attractive because it brings several capabilities together. The difficulty is reconciling gun-based point defense with the different demands of short-range missile defense. The criticism is that balancing both roles leaves neither weapon with an arrangement fully suited to its own task. Convenience at the level of the equipment package therefore comes with added complexity inside the system.