Most Japanese vessels in the invasion fleet were transports, while purpose-built seki-bune and the rarer, larger atakebune supported archers, arquebusiers, and boarding parties. Their longer, deeper hulls worked well for moving between ports but were less agile in shallow, restricted waters than the broader Korean designs. Man-portable firearms could clear exposed decks before boarding, yet they were not an efficient means of sinking thick-hulled opponents at standoff range. The ships were capable expressions of experience gained in Japanese waters, but that experience had not demanded a fleet designed to contest Korean-style sea control. A comparison with later turret and missile combat explains why a long, efficient hull becomes more attractive once the weapon can maneuver independently, whereas close action places a premium on turning the whole ship.
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Japanese ships optimized for transport and boarding
Japanese naval forces emphasized transport, arquebus fire, and boarding, producing ships suited to transit but poorly matched to Korean cannon warfare in confined coastal waters.