Japan accelerates missiles, Aegis ships, and mine warfare

The 2025 budget brings Tomahawk and improved Type 12 surface-to-surface missile introduction forward by a year. It also supports two Aegis System Equipped Vessels expected in 2027-2028 and funds research for eventual replacement of the four Kongo-class destroyers. Mine-warfare investment continues through the Awaji class, with a fourth arrival, two further orders and nine vessels ultimately planned. These dedicated mine-countermeasures ships supplement the frigates' mine-warfare equipment. The operational minehunter total nevertheless fell by one to 17 after a retirement and JS Ukushima's capsize and sinking following an engine-room fire.