Q&A · 3:20:21-3:22:32

If Italy joined Britain against Germany

Italian participation alongside Britain could reduce Mediterranean fighting, threaten Germany through the Alps and alter the pressures on France, Japan and the Soviet Union.

Question

What happens if the Italian Navy joins Britain in World War II?

Short answer

The Mediterranean balance swings sharply toward the Allies, Germany faces a southern front, and the European war could end much earlier.

Notes

An Italian alliance with Britain would remove much of the fighting that historically took place in North Africa and could prevent the Italian invasion of Greece. Italy's army could threaten Germany through the Alps, where it had prepared to fight. If the change came before France's collapse, the additional ally could strengthen the French government's resolve to continue the war. Austria is proposed as an Italian reward for helping defeat Germany, although the settlement remains part of the counterfactual. A rapid European victory would leave Japan facing a rearmed Britain with fewer competing commitments. It would also expose the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland to greater diplomatic pressure.