Notable Point · 25:27-26:20

Italy's small-submarine option and command barrier

Midget craft offered Italy a practical niche weapon, while wholesale replacement of senior admirals was judged politically impossible.

Notes

Additional small submarines might strengthen the Regia Marina, although Italy already had human torpedoes and chariots at the smallest end of undersea warfare. Those craft offered a practical niche alongside conventional submarines. A deeper reform would retire ineffective officers at rear-admiral rank and above and promote stronger leaders. The upheaval is judged politically unworkable in Fascist Italy, showing how regime stability constrained naval reform even when the weakness was apparent.