What limited 1880s ironclad battle range

What were practical battle ranges for ironclads of the 1880s?

They were governed chiefly by visibility and immature fire control, not the guns' theoretical maximum range.

An ironclad's advertised gun range was not the same as an effective battle range. Its crew first had to see and identify a target well enough to direct fire with immature ranging and fire-control methods. Weather, the curvature of the earth, local geography, and access to high ground could all change that limit. Contemporary optics were respectable for the 1880s but far below First World War standards. Practical range was therefore a sensor and visibility problem before it was a question of the gun's maximum reach.