One branch of the cannon counterfactual links English success in France to changed conditions in the Italian wars and a pope able to grant Henry VIII an annulment. That could delay England's break with Rome and prevent the particular Anglican settlement that followed historically. A later Protestant conversion is then imagined as closer to Lutheran neighbours, strengthening connections with the Dutch and Swedes. English gun exports could supply those allies with more consistent artillery instead of a mixture of captured pieces. The chain depends on successive political and religious assumptions; it is an exploration of how one industrial advantage might produce several different outcomes.
Notable Point ยท 3:19:48-3:24:31
How an iron-cannon advantage could alter England's Reformation
The counterfactual follows cannon production into papal diplomacy, a later Protestant settlement, and closer Dutch and Swedish ties.