Why STEM totals hide shortages in naval engineering

A national STEM total combines civil engineering, computing, aerospace and many other fields with naval architecture and marine engineering. Different course structures can make it hard to count equivalent graduates across China, the United States and Europe. The rough estimate puts China's annual naval and marine engineering graduate totals near those of the United States and Europe, despite the much larger difference in total STEM output. This approximate comparison illustrates why a large overall graduate count does not establish the supply of a particular engineering specialty. Naval architecture and marine engineering also struggle to make their work visible to prospective students.