India is a rising maritime power located beside major routes between Asia, Europe, and beyond. Its domestically produced carrier demonstrates naval ambition and growing industrial capacity. Sea-lane security covers cargo, fisheries, seabed resources, and the submarine communication cables that carry economically important digital traffic. As economies become more integrated, maritime security must include the physical systems running along the seabed as well as ships on the surface.
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India, sea lanes, and the infrastructure beneath the sea
India's carrier programme is connected to Indian Ocean trade routes and to the vulnerability of undersea cables that carry the world's digital traffic.