Could a surviving Imperial Russia claim that the sale of Alaska was illegal and try to recover it?
Short answerNot plausibly under Nicholas II, because the same imperial system authorized the sale; only a later successor might attempt to rewrite that history.
NotesA chat question raises a later Russian claim that the sale of Alaska was illegitimate. That post-imperial argument does not fit the political continuity assumed in this scenario. A surviving Romanov government would be the successor of the authority that made the sale, and Nicholas II could not easily denounce a lawful act of the tsarist state without undermining the regime's own doctrine. A later successor might invent a dispute, but it would require distance from the original decision and a new political justification. Immediate recovery of Alaska is therefore much less plausible than expansion along Russia's existing frontiers.