Why could Britain not simply add more aft armour to HMS Hood during reconstruction?
Short answerThe added weight had to be balanced and supported structurally; beyond a point, altering the aft structure would have required something close to a complete rebuild.
NotesArmour is not a free addition: the designer must find both the weight margin and a structurally sound place to put it. Added protection aft would alter the ship's balance as well as total displacement. Supporting that weight could require extensive changes to the underlying hull. For Hood, the scale of such work would push a reconstruction toward rebuilding the structure rather than simply attaching more plate.