A fleet of states, orders, and hired ships

Venice supplied 115 vessels, while Spanish territories, Genoa, the Papal States, military orders, and duchies supplied smaller contingents. Even the Spanish contribution combined ships from several territories with different languages and command arrangements. Some hulls were privately owned or hired, so a national label did not necessarily describe who controlled the vessel. Elizabethan naval mobilization offers a comparison because it also drew heavily on privately supplied or hired ships. Construction and size varied across the fleet because standardization did not exist. The nominal total of roughly 212 vessels concealed a complicated set of ownership, design, and authority problems.