Hoche's Ireland, Newcastle, and Wales invasion plan

Lazare Hoche understood logistics and had fought French royalists at Quiberon and in western France. He expected 15,000 French troops in Ireland to join as many as 50,000 United Irishmen. Diversionary forces of roughly 1,500 each would threaten Newcastle and land in Wales, with the Welsh detachment marching toward Bristol. A possible reconstruction of the next stage has the Irish army crossing toward Liverpool before the forces converge and march on London, though that onward route remains uncertain. The scheme relied on optimistic promises of support and poor geographic intelligence about terrain, distances, and local resistance.