Why did HMS Birmingham have a noticeably different bow from other Town-class cruisers?
Short answerIt was a trial of a potentially more efficient bow, made possible because the Navy had enough ships to test a design at full scale.
NotesThe Royal Navy used HMS Birmingham to test a new bow form that was expected to be more efficient. A large cruiser programme allowed one hull to carry the experimental shape without risking the whole class. The later Daring-class electrical and boiler trials followed the same logic. Tanks and simulations can narrow choices, but eventually a navy must build and operate a full-sized ship to learn how the design behaves.