Q&A · 3:46:21-3:47:16

Why Hitler expected concessions rather than war in 1938

Hitler expected Britain and France to keep backing down, then imagined they might tolerate an eastward war; the guarantee to Poland broke that expectation.

Question

Did Hitler intend to start the Second World War during the 1938 Czech crisis?

Short answer

No; Hitler expected further concessions and misjudged the British and French commitment to Poland.

Notes

The answer distinguishes a willingness to risk war from an expectation that war would begin during the 1938 Czech crisis. Hitler believed Britain and France would continue granting concessions as German demands expanded. He expected to take Poland without a general western war and then turn against the Soviet Union, possibly with western approval or assistance. Soviet observers and parts of the American press also suspected that the western powers might encourage such an eastward conflict. The promise to defend Poland mattered because Britain and France ultimately kept it, overturning the pattern Hitler expected.