Did Japan's services inherit British and French alignments?

Did the Japanese navy and army inherit the earlier rivalry between British and French influence?

Broadly yes: the navy remained British-oriented through Satsuma, while the army followed French and later German models.

The foreign alignments of the civil-war factions carried into Japan's national services. The army first followed French practice and later German models. The navy retained the British connection built through Satsuma's ships, advisers, and training relationships. These were institutional inheritances rather than proof that every later disagreement came directly from foreign sponsorship. This provides a compact origin point for the different professional cultures that later developed in the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy.