What Girona's salvage reveals about Armada weapons

Official salvage began within months, while local recovery probably started even earlier, and later expeditions continued into the twentieth century. The local lord who brought the nine survivors to Scotland also conducted unofficial recovery, so rescue and profit quickly became entangled with salvage. A Belgian team worked the site in 1967, and many recovered objects are now displayed by the Ulster Museum. Finds include iron and bronze cannon that help resolve documentary uncertainty about the Armada's mixed armament. The display gives useful scale to weapons such as culverins and demi-culverins. Their long land-style carriages were less convenient aboard ship than later compact naval trucks.