Chapter ยท 12:34-16:30

Gibraltar turns an American war into a global naval problem

The opening strategic frame connects Gibraltar to the War of American Independence and to Britain's ability to keep a Mediterranean fleet foothold.

Notes

A siege far from North America could still shape the peace terms for the American war. Gibraltar was a pressure point: if Britain kept the fortress and could operate a fleet from it, France and Spain could not fully close the Mediterranean or assume Britain was finished as a naval power. The Franco-Spanish plan was to exploit Britain's American distraction by taking Gibraltar and Minorca before dictating stronger terms.