Eight English ships attacked a French merchantman in Gibraltar's harbor and took a Spanish official hostage during the dispute. Bazán arrived with five war-hardened galleys, captured all eight vessels and roughly 240 prisoners, and seized their goods. The diplomatic aftermath left England's ambassador trying to explain the incident while Elizabeth I reprimanded the English crews. Bazán then examined the captured cannon and their mountings. He paired decisive enforcement with a continuing interest in practical gun and carriage design for cramped shipboard spaces.
Notable Point · 22:00-24:47
The Gibraltar clash and lessons from English cannon
Five veteran Spanish galleys defeated eight English ships at Gibraltar, after which Bazán studied their cannon arrangements.