Q&A · 34:55-35:41

How little Germany knew about Pearl Harbor

Germany appears to have had little advance knowledge of the Pearl Harbor attack and misread how the United States would divide its war effort.

Question

How much did Germany know about Pearl Harbor before the attack?

Short answer

Very little; Germany expected Japan to distract the United States but did not anticipate the Allied Europe-first strategy.

Notes

Hitler appears to have been surprised by Japan's entry into the war rather than involved in detailed joint planning. German leaders nevertheless welcomed the prospect that a Pacific conflict might absorb American attention. That expectation failed when the United States adopted a Europe-first strategy, reinforced by Churchill's argument that defeating Germany would free Allied resources for the Far East. The exchange separates Axis political alignment from genuine strategic coordination.