Q&A ยท 40:17-42:22

Why Germany moved from 11-inch to 12-inch guns

The German calibre decision shows the difference between engineering knowledge and funding the factories needed to use it.

Question

Why did the Imperial German Navy move from 11-inch to 12-inch guns instead of jumping to 12.5-inch or 13-inch weapons?

Short answer

Limited investment and manufacturing infrastructure constrained the calibre increase, despite Germany having the necessary engineering knowledge.

Notes

Building larger guns required investment in manufacturing infrastructure as well as the technical knowledge to design them. German naval funding limited that investment and helped constrain the move beyond 11-inch weapons. The naval laws and construction programme are criticised here for committing the fleet to ambitions that its funding arrangements could not adequately support. Those weaknesses did not make the British response to Germany's stated plans imaginary. A rival still had to prepare for the capability Germany claimed it intended to build, even when the programme later fell short.