Wine, wool, and the Channel war

Gascony supplied valuable ports, taxes, wine, and access to Mediterranean goods, while English wool moved through Flanders. Roughly a thousand annual voyages carried about one hundred million liters of wine, indicating the scale of this traffic. Protecting or disrupting these routes affected royal revenue, regional prosperity, and the ability to sustain campaigns. The war's geography was maritime as well as territorial, with Channel access linking English strategy to markets on both sides of the water.