Could pre-dreadnoughts alone have reached Constantinople and forced the Ottoman Empire out of the First World War?
Short answerThey had the strength on paper, but a fleet-only operation without coordinated troops ashore would have been very difficult.
NotesThe audience suggests that surviving pre-dreadnoughts could have forced their way to Constantinople and coerced the Ottoman Empire out of the war. The fleet had the strength on paper. A solo naval operation would still have been very difficult without well-coordinated troops ashore. Gallipoli becomes a lesson about joint operations and the limits of gunboat diplomacy against defended land objectives rather than a ship-counting exercise.