How heavy were the galleys' bow guns?

What weight of shot did the galleys' forward batteries fire?

Their bronze guns varied, but the largest shot was probably around twelve to eighteen pounds, often less.

The galleys did not necessarily carry a uniform battery. Some mounted pairs of guns in several sizes, producing a stepped forward armament. The largest shot is estimated at roughly twelve to eighteen pounds, with many weapons below that range. This estimate avoids importing the much heavier guns of later sailing fleets into a 1509 battle.