Would future warships still need ranks and specialties?

Do these future spacecraft have officers and enlisted personnel, with different educational or career requirements?

Yes. The books distinguish enlisted and officer careers and give fighter commanders and fleet commanders different professional routes.

The fictional crews include enlisted personnel and officers with different career routes. Fighter command and fleet command also follow distinct paths. These institutions preserve specialized careers rather than assuming that every crewmember will eventually become an admiral. New technology changes the work without making all naval careers interchangeable.