Were the Furutaka and Hawkins classes really early heavy cruisers, or enlarged light cruisers?
Short answerThey were enlarged light-cruiser descendants because the armoured-cruiser lineage had already been absorbed into the battlecruiser and capital-ship category.
NotesFurutaka and the British Hawkins class were enlarged descendants of First World War light cruisers. The older armoured-cruiser category had been absorbed upward into battlecruisers and then into capital-ship treaty limits. The new heavy cruiser consequently grew from a lighter hull tradition even as its displacement and guns increased. Treaty heavy cruisers could look powerful on paper while lacking the resilience expected of earlier battle-line-support cruisers.