What might France have built in the 1880s if Jeune École advocates had not disrupted capital-ship development?
Short answerThe first step would be eight enlarged Terrible-derived ironclads, followed by repeated classes of conventional pre-dreadnoughts.
NotesThis counterfactual keeps French construction broadly unchanged through the laying down of the Bayard class in 1878, then replaces the Amiral Baudin programme with an enlarged Terrible-class design. About 3,000 tons of additional displacement would accommodate paired 13.4-inch guns in place of the criticised single 16.5-inch weapons and a much stronger secondary battery. The proposal resembles a French counterpart to Britain's Admiral-class ironclads. Eight ships would be laid down in pairs, with roughly a year between each pair. Completing them by about 1886 would give France a repeatable capital-ship force to compete with the British programme.